![]() Water deprivation significantly reduced freezing and immobility behaviors evoked by innate fear and behavioral despair, respectively, accompanied by decreased Fos expression in the lateral habenula. In vivo recording and juxtacellular labeling revealed that GABAergic neurons in the LHbM had locally branching axons, and received VP-positive axon terminal contacts on their dendrites. We demonstrate a direct pathway from hypothalamic paraventricular VP-expressing, glutamatergic magnocellular neurons to the medial division of lateral habenula (LHbM), a region containing GABAergic neurons. We have investigated the role of a VP circuit and interaction between thirst and motivational behaviors evoked by life-threatening stimuli in rats. Vasopressin (VP) is a prominent messenger in this circuit, as well as L-glutamate. In vertebrates, thirst drives water intake, but the neuronal circuits that connect the physiology of water regulation with emotional context are poorly understood. ![]() Water-homeostasis is a fundamental physiological process for terrestrial life. 2Departamento de Física Química, Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.1Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico. ![]() Hernández 1 * ‡, Erika Vázquez-Juárez 1, Freya K.
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